Effect of the proteolytic enzyme serrapeptase on
swelling, pain and trismus after surgical extraction
of mandibular third molars
T.H. Al-KhateebCorresponding Author Informationemail address,
Y. Nusair
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of serrapeptase
to reduce postoperative swelling, pain and trismus after third molar
surgery. Twenty-four healthy individuals with symmetrically
impacted mandibular third molars underwent surgical removal in a
prospective, intra-individual, randomized, double-blind, cross-over
study. Teeth were removed in 2 sessions by the same surgeon. At
each session, one third molar was removed under local anaesthesia
via a buccal osteotomy. All patients received a combination of
either serrapeptase 5mg or placebo tablets and 1000mg paracetamol
tablets at either the 1st or 2nd operation in accordance with the
randomization plan. Cheek thickness, pain and interincisal distance
were measured preoperatively, and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 7th
postoperative days. Cheek thickness and maximum interincisal
distance were measured using calipers. Pain intensity was assessed
clinically using a numeric scale. There was a significant reduction in
the extent of cheek swelling and pain intensity in the serrapeptase
group at the 2nd, 3rd and 7th postoperative days (P<0.05), but no
significant difference in mean maximal interincisal distance was
found between the 2 groups (P>0.05).
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Effect of the proteolytic enzyme serrapeptase in
patients with chronic airway disease.
Nakamura S, Hashimoto Y, Mikami M, Yamanaka E, Soma T,
Hino M, Azuma A, Kudoh S.
Respirology. 2003
Abstract:
We investigated the effect of SER on sputum properties and
symptoms in patients with chronic airway diseases.
This study was an open-labelled trial with a non-treatment control
group. Patients were randomly assigned to oral treatment with and
without SER 30 mg/day for 4 weeks. Patients collected sputum
samples for about 4 h in the morning on the day the trial began and
4 weeks later. We measured the amount of sputum by weighing.
Part of each sputum sample was weighed and then completely dried
and reweighed. The percentage solid component, viscosity and
elasticity of the sputum were measured. Mucociliary transportability
index was measured using ciliated bovine trachea ex vivo. Sputum
smears were also prepared to count sputum neutrophils. Patients'
symptoms were assessed by a questionnaire that used a visual
analogue scale.
After 4 weeks of SER treatment, sputum weight in the morning,
percentage solid component, viscosity and elasticity of sputum,
sputum neutrophil count, frequency of coughing and frequency of
expectoration significantly decreased.
CONCLUSIONS: SER may exert a beneficial effect on mucus
clearance by reducing neutrophil numbers and altering the
viscoelasticity of sputum in patients with chronic airway diseases.
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A preliminary trial of Serrapeptase in patients with
carpal tunnel syndrome
Panagariya A, Sharma AK
Dept. of Neurology, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur.
J Assoc Physicians India 1999
This study was planned to assess the response of Serrapeptase in
patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
Twenty patients with CTS were evaluated clinically. After baseline
electrophysiological studies, these patients were given serrapetase10
mg twice daily with initial short course of nimesulide. Clinical and
electrophysiological reassessment was done after 6 weeks.
Mean age was 43.9 years with male to female ratio of 1:2.33. Sixty
five percent cases showed significant clinical improvement which
was supported by significant improvement in electrophysiological
parameters. Recurrence was reported in four cases. No significant
side effect was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Serrapeptase™ therapy may proved to be a
useful alternative mode of conservative treatment. Larger study
may be further helpful to establish the role of Serrapeptas in CTS.
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Serrapeptase teamed with antibiotics delivers
increased concentrations of the antimicrobial agent
Serrapeptase teamed with antibiotics delivers increased
concentrations of the antimicrobial agent to the site of the infection.
Bacteria often endure a process called biofilm formation, which
results in resistance to antimicrobial agents. In an attempt to prevent
this bacterial immunity, researchers have experimented with various
means of inhibiting biofilm-embedded bacteria. One study
conducted by Italian researchers suggests that proteolytic enzymes
could significantly enhance the activities of antibiotics against
biofilms. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that serratiopeptidase
greatly enhances the activity of the antibiotic, ofloxacin, and that it
can inhibit biofilm formation. 1993
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The treatment of breast engorgement with
Serrapeptase
Author: Kee WH, Tan SL; Lee V, Salmon YM
Singapore Med J, 1989
We evaluated an anti-inflammatory enzyme drug Danzen
(Serrapeptase) Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.) on 70 patients
complaining of breast engorgement These patients were randomly
divided into 2 groups, a treatment group and a placebo group. A
single observer, unaware of the group the patients were in, assessed
the severity of each of the symptoms and signs of breast
engorgement before treatment was commenced, and daily for 3
days, during which therapy was administered. Danzen was noted to
be superior to placebo for improvement of breast pain, breast
swelling and duration and while 85.7% of the patients receiving
Danzen had "Moderate to Marked improvement, only 60.0% of the
patients receiving placebo had a Similar degree of improvement.
"Marked improvement was found in 229% of the treatment group
and 2.9% of the placebo group. These differences were statistically
significant (P less than 0.05), No adverse reactions were reported
with the use of Danzen (Serrapeptase). Danzen (Serrapeptase) is a
safe and effective method for the treatment of breast engorgement.
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Reduction of postoperative swelling objective
measurement of swelling of the upper ankle joint in
treatment with serrapeptase.
Author: Esch PM, Gerngross H, Fabian A
Fortachr Med, 1989
Using a quantitative standardized procedure, the swelling of the
ankle produced by supination trauma was measured. In the 66
patients with fresh rupture of the lateral ligament treated surgically
at our Department between December 1986 and April 1987, a
prospective study of the effect of serrapeptase (Aniflazym) on
postoperative swelling and pain was carried out in 3 randomized
groups of patients. To the group receiving the test substance, the
swelling had decreased by 50% on the third post-operative day,
while in the other two control groups (elevation of the leg, bed rest,
with and without the application of ice) no reduction in swelling had
occurred at that time. The difference is statistically significant (p =
0.013). Decreasing pain correlated for the most part with the
reduction in swelling Thus, the patients receiving the test substance
more) rapidly became pain-free than did the control groups. On the
basis of these results, serrapeptase would appear to be an effective
preparation for the port-operative reduction of swelling, in
comparison with the classical conservative measures for example,
the application of ice.
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A multi-centre, double-blind study serrapeptase
versus placebo in post-antrotomy buccal swelling
Author: Tachibana M, Mizukosi 0, Harada Y, Kawamoto K, Nakai
Pharmatherapeutica, 1984
Abstract
A multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried
out to investigate the clinical efficacy of the anti-inflammatory
enzyme serrapeptase in a total of 174 patients who underwent
Caldwell-Luc antrotomy for chronic emphysema. Eighty-eight
patients received 10 mg serrapeptase 3 times on the day before
operation, once on the night of the operation and 3 times daily for 5
days after operation, the other 86 received placebo. Changes in
buccal swelling after operation were observed as a parameter of the
response to treatment. The degree of swelling in the serrapeptase-
treated patients was significantly less than that in the placebo-
treated patients at every point of observation after operation up to
the 5th day (p less than 001 top less than 0.05). Maximal swelling
throughout all the post-operative points of observation was also
significantly smaller in size in the serrapeptase-treated group than in
the placebo-treated group. No side effects were reported.
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Intestinal absorption of serrapeptase in rats.
Author: Moriya N, Nakata M, Nakamuma M, Takaoka M, lwasa S;
Kato K; Kakinuma
A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (e.i.a) for serrapeptase
(TSP), an orally available anti-inflammatory proteinase, was
established using affinity-purified anti-TSP rabbit IgG and its Fab
fragment conjugated with horseradish peroxidase as the first and the
second antibodies respectively TSP in the plasma was determined
by the e.i.a. after its oral administration (100 m/kg) to rats. The
peak concentration was observed between 30mm and 2 h after
administration. TSP in the plasma samples was trapped in a
microtitre plate coated with the affinity-purified anti-TSP rabbit
IgG. and the hydrolysis of a synthetic fluorogenic substrate,
butoxycarbonyl-Glu(benzyloxy)-Ala-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7amide,
by the trapped TSP was fluorometrically measured (proteinase
assay. The values obtained by the e.i.a. and those obtained by the
proteinase assay correlated well for various plasma samples. These
results indicate that orally administered TSP was absorbed from the
intestinal tract and transferred into the circulation in an enzymically
active form.
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See additional list of research at page bottom.
This is the one I ordered, (it's been very good and I continue to order it):
40,000 units per Veggie Cap.
Serrapeptase is a proteolytic enzyme isolated
from the non-pathogenic bacteria Serratia species
found in the digestive tract of the Japanese
silkworm. The enzyme is used by the worms to
digest their cocoons. Serrapeptase has been used
as a natural supplement in Europe and Asia for
nearly three decades.
Each vegetarian capsule of Best Serrapeptase
contains enteric-coated, acid stable granules of
pure serrapeptase designed for optimal absorption
in the intestinal tract.
I'm following my friend's instructions for taking serrapeptase:
"I take the tablets on a completely empty stomach (2 1/2 - 3 hours
after a meal) with a small amount of water, then I wait 30-40
minutes before eating or drinking. This was a little inconvenient at
first but it has had a big payoff! I learned from the research that if
you do not take it on an empty stomach the enzyme will digest your
food or beverage instead of getting directly into your blood stream
to digest old, dead tissue. I started with 3 tablets daily - One taken
three times a day."
(Actually, I've been waiting an hour to eat or drink after I take it.
That's because I didn't remember this correctly. But I'm going to
continue waiting an hour because I think it's working.)
I've been recording my experience with serrapeptase here, starting
at 7/17/06, on my page about how I've been slimming.
Pain, Inflammation: health boundaries that bite
Well, it's been over a year since I've been taking it, and I no
longer have the horrifying back pain I used to have. I've done a few
other things, as well, like adding amino acids. But overall, I would
not stop buying this every month. I have it on my page that I use
each month to remind me what I need to order. (9/23/07)
A List of Research studies
1. Kee WH. Tan SL, Lee V. Salmon YM. The treatment of
breast engorgement with Serrapeptase (Danzen): a randomized
double-blind controlled trial. Singapore Med J. 1989:30(l):48-54.
2. Mizukoshi, D. et al. A double-blind clinical study of
serrapeptase in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. Igaku Ayrni
109:50-62.1979.
3. Carratu, L. et al. Physio-chemical and rheological research
on mucolytic activity of serrapeptase in chronic
broncho-pneumopathies. Curr.Ther. Res. 28(6):937-951. 1980.
4. Braga, P.C. et al. Effects of serrapeptase on muco-ciliary
clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis. Curr. Ther. Res.
29(5):738-744,1981.
5. Mazzonie, A. et al. Evaluation of serrapeptase in acute or
chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: a
multicentre, double-blind randomized trial versus placebo. J. int.
Med. Res. 18(5):379-388,1990.
6. Conticello, S. et al. La serrapeptase in ORL Nuova Clin.
ORL 31:15-20,1979.
7. Pallotti, S. et al. Valutazu-one della'attivita fibrinolytica
della serrapeptase. Farmaci 3:163-173,1982.
8. Kakinumu, A. et al. Regression of fibrinolysis in scalded
rats by administration of serrapeptase. Biochem. Pharmacol.
31:2861-2866,1982.
9. Marly, M. Enzymotherapie anti-inflammatoire a l'aide de
la serrapeptase: resultats cliniques en traumatologie et en ORL.
C RTherapeut. 3:9-19,1985.
10. Odagiri, J. et al. Clinical applications of serrapeptase in
sinusitis. Med. Consult. New Remedy 6:201-209, 1979.
11. Yamazaki, J. et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of TSP, a
protease produced by a strain of Serratia. Folia Pharmacol.
Japon. 6^302-314,1967.
12. Elies, W. et al. Akute und subakute Entzundungen der
Nassenbenholen. Z. Allmeinmed. 4:92-95, 1987.
13. Harada, Y. Clinical efficacy of serrapeptase on buccal
swelling after radical operation for chronic sinusitis. Igaku
Ayumi 123:768-778.1982.
14. Matsudo, A. et at. Effect of serrapeptase (Danzen) on
inflammatory edema following operation for thyropid
disease. Med. Consult. New Remedy 18:171-175, 1981.
15. Perna, L. Osservazioni cliniche sul trattamento in doppio
cieco con Serratio peptidasi, nella rinite perenne nella rinitie
cronica riacutizzata con sinusopatia. nella bronchite cronica
riacutizzata. Riv. Pat. Clin.Tuberc. Penumol. 56:509-516,1985.
16. Fujitani, T. et al. Effect of anti-inflammatory agent on
transfer of antibiotics to the maxillary sinus mucosa in
chronic sinusitis. Otorhinolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 66:557-565.
1976.
17. Tago. T. and Mitsui, S. Effects of serrapeptase in
dissolution of sputum, especially in patients with bronchial
asthma. Jap. Clin. Exp. Med. 49:222-228, 1972.
18. Tomoda, K. and Miyatam K. Some information on the
composition of tracheal secretions before and after the
administration of serrapeptase. Exper. Ther. 477:9-16, 1972.
19. Kase, Y. et al. A new method for evaluating mucolytic
expectorant activity and its application. II. Application to two
proteolytic enzymes, serrapeptase and seaprose.
Arzneimittelforschung 32:374-378,1982.
20. Marriott, C. Modification of the rheoloaical properties of
mucus by drugs. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 144^75-84, 1982.
21. Majima. Y. et al. Effects of orally administered drugs on
dynamic viscoelasticity of human nasal mucus. Am. Rev.
Respir. Dis. 141:79-83.1990.
22. Miyata, K. Intestinal absorption of serrapeptase. J
ApplBiochem. 1980:2:111-16.
23. Aso T. et al. Breast engorgement and its treatment:
Clinical effects of Danzen (serrapeptase) an anti-inflammatory
enzyme preparation. The world of Obstetrics and Gynecology
(Japanese). 1981:33:371-9.
24. Esch PM, Gemgross H. Fabian A. Reduction of
postoperative swelling. Objective measurement of swelling of
the upper ankle joint in treatment with serrapeptase-a prospective
study (German). FortschrMed. 1989; 107(4):67-8, 71-2.
25. Majima Y, Inagaki M, Hirata K. Takeuchi K, Morishita A,
Sakakura Y. The effect of an orally administered proteolytic
enzyme on the elasticity and viscosity of nasal mucus. Arch
Otorhinolaryngol. 1988;244(6):355-9.
26. Selan L, Berlutti F, Passariello C. Comodi-Ballanti MR,
Thaller MC. Proteolytic enzymes: a new treatment strategy for
prosthetic infections? Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993;
37(12):26l8-21.
27. Koyama A, Mori J, Tokuda H, Waku M, Anno H, Katayama
T, Murakami K, Komatsu H, Hirata M, Arai T, et al.
Augmentation by serrapeptase of tissue permeation by
cefotiam (Japanese). Jpn JAntibiot. 1986; 39(3):761-71.
